This group includes components that detect and measure physical, chemical, or environmental changes, converting them into electrical signals for monitoring, analysis, and control in electronic systems. Environmental Sensors: Detect parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and gas concentrations for HVAC, weather monitoring, and industrial applications. Motion and Position Sensors: Include accelerometers, gyroscopes, and encoders for detecting movement, orientation, and position in robotics, automotive, and consumer electronics. Optical Sensors: Measure light intensity, proximity, or color, commonly used in displays, cameras, and automation.